and

presents

PLANTING SCHEMES FOR TROUGH GARDENS

a joint venture with the Alpine & Rock Garden Resources Web Site of Duncan McAlpine

INTRODUCTION

This guy Duncan McAlpine, who taught me everything I know, decided in his infinite wisdom that I obviously needed more practice...and so, he asked me to come up with a page on planting schemes to complement our respective sites on trough gardening. Never one to resist a challenge (or the work that goes with it), I thought if that will help our visitors (I hate that word...what would you prefer to be called? "Readers", "Viewers", "Guests"?)...then why not? So for your enjoyment, experimentation and comments, there follows a few suggestions for planting out your troughs.

THEME TROUGHS

A great source of pleasure to me, is to design and plant out "Theme" troughs. There are many hundreds of theme ideas if you use your imagination.What about

But you get the idea, don't you?

Let's have a look at some of these:

NEW ZEALAND ALPINE PLANTS IN TROUGHS

There are many beautiful plants from the Antipodes that are suitable for trough culture and a scheme can be designed to enjoy the colour, form and architecture of these plants for many a long-lasting season.
Despite what has often been written about New Zealand flowers being any shade of white, I hope to offer a diverse colour range for your trough, from yellow buttercups and pink koromikos to blue harebells. Many, if not all of the plants that are mentioned can be obtained from the seedlist offered as part of the membership benefits of the NZAGS.


The New Zealand flora has a number of specimen plants to offer for trough lovers. The Helichrysums, coralloides and selago, make compact, yet stately additions to the trough garden and are interesting focal points with their "woolly" whipcord foliage and yellow daisy flowers. Other focal plants include Leucopogon suaveolens (chameleon-like foliage), Carmichaelia monroi ( purple pea flowers) and of course the dwarf Coprosmas, so exquisite in their fine berrying forms. (NB: You will need both male and female plants to induce fruiting). For those of you who have no sense of pain, there are the "Spaniards" , a most lethal but architecturally handsome genus of plants. The sword-like leaves are unswerving in their ability to pierce you where it hurts the most. Beware of Aciphylla horrida, which as its specific epithet implies is "horrid". One negative encounter with this and you will never garden again. A saving grace with this race of thugs, is that it does provide a number of dwarfer specimens which, although no less fearsome, are small enough to be avoided with some care. Aa. dobsonii, spedenii and congesta are species in this category and well worth their place in a trough but not, I hasten to add, in a place easily accessible to children.

For cushion plants, you can't go far wrong in choosing varieties and species of the NZ offerings. Celmisia argentea, a tight cushion of small spiny rosettes of silver, needle-like leaves and pure white, sessile daisy flowers with a golden boss. A real gem for the trough but will probably need protection from wet winter days. It's larger cousin C.sessiliflora is equally suitable for a trough and is possibly easier to cultivate. Pygmaea (Chionohebe) pulvinaris is another splendid cushion which in England, at least, has adapted to cultivation without protection and forms dark green cushions, covered, if one is fortunate, with tiny white flowers.The Abrotanella and Colobanthus species, whilst not as elegant as the other cushion plants mentioned are, nonetheless, excellent trough plants, the latter having bright green cushions which can light up a trough on the darkest of days.

For crevices, there are some wonderful, although extremely difficult subjects to choose from. Lignocarpa carnosula is a fleshy plant with leaves reminiscent of a stag's antlers in a beautiful shade of grey-blue. The yellow flowers lie beneath the foliage as though waiting to erupt in a blaze of colour, which of course they never do but the anticipation is still there. Stellaria roughii is a real tester but worth any effort to provide it with the conditions it likes and deserves. Scree treatment is about your only chance and so a high crevice in a deep trough is possibly the answer (This would also apply to the Lignocarpa). Other plants for a crevice include Wahlenbergia cartalaginea (the fleshy harebell), Swainsona novae-zealandia (with glaucous, pinnate foliage and pink flowers) and Hectorella caespitosa (a fine cushion plant also).

For the flat areas of the trough, there are some excellent turf imitators. Scleranthus uniflorus will form mounds, hummocks, cushions - you name it- with apparent ease. Agrostis muscosa is a bluish cushion forming grass (not many of those about) and some of the mat-forming Raoulias, like subulata and tenuicaulis will also spread nicely but in a reserved manner. One of the advantages of growing New Zealand plants, is that they, like no others, actually enjoy plant association instead of vying for supremacy of the soil and its nutrients. Celmisias and Gentians growing up through Scleranthus uniflorus is not an uncommon site in a trough. This can of course be made to happen by sowing seeds directly into the cushions and mats.

For the edges of the trough and to cascade over the sides, there are some lovely Parahebes, Raoulias and Pimelias with a variety of foliage form and colour to choose from. Some of the better ones are Parahebe linifolia, with dark green shiny foliage and sky-blue flowers, Raoulia grandiflora with unusual (for members of the Asteraceae) stellate flowers and almost saxifraga-like rosettes of silver and Pimelia prostrata with its red stems, grey leaves and creamy-white flowers.

Many plant lovers have a special affinity with a foreign country. Perhaps they have visited there, or maybe they have friends or relatives there, or perhaps it is a special dream to go there one day. If you have such an affinity with a particular country, then why not have a daily reminder of that country's flora by making the effort now, to plant up that "special" trough garden.

Now what about

TROUGHS PLANTED WITH YOUR FAVOURITE COLOURS?

OK, I know it sounds a bit _ _ _ _ _ _ (you are entitled to enter any word you think adequately describes the topic....but remember, this a a "family friendly" site).
Think about it though. Everyone has their favourite football team...mine just happens to be Manchester City (and it took a lot of courage to admit that). Their colours are sky-blue and white (Campanulas and Celmisias). Or what about that wedding bouquet with yellow and white tea roses. (Ranunculus and Arenaria) or the favourite sweatshirt in purple and cream (Penstemons and Aquilegias)....Yes, I know nobody has a purple and cream sweatshirt but use your imagination. 
Follow the drift? Given some thought and preparation, it is possible to plant troughs to give plants of different colour and contrasts throughout the season. I would be very interested in what ideas you come up with.

Now to something marginally more sensible

THE SINGLE GENUS TROUGH

These can be amongst the most rewarding troughs of all especially if you want to have colour all the year round. There are so many genera to choose from: Saxifrages, Primulas, Sedums, Sempervivums, Lewisias, Arenarias, Campanulas etc., etc.

SAXIFRAGA

There is nothing more satisfying than a trough filled with saxifrages in spring. They are amongst the most accommodating of alpine plants with species that will cascade, over the sides of a trough (S.oppositifolia), mound into superb cushions (Ss.pedemontana, iranica), form tight mats (Ss.georgii, hypostoma, stolitzkae), flower in acidic soils (S.lilacina) and give the most magnificent flowering displays (S. 'Tumbling Waters'). The hybrids too, provide a wealth of colour S.'Penelope' (apricot), S.'Love Me' (salmon pink), S. 'Judith Shackleton '(white) and S. 'Ellie Brinkerhof' (deep maroon). There are so many 'new' saxes coming into cultivation nowadays that the combinations are endless. Whether large or small, your trough can be a mass of colour throughout the spring.

PRIMULA

So much depends on the floriferousness of the clone but there are some excellent trough primulas available through the trade at the moment. Often short lived (unless regularly divided), they provide good colour during the spring. Ones to try are Pp minima, pedemontana, allionii, viscosa, integrifolia, marginata, pubescens and the various hybrids that have been made from these and are now generally available from nurseries

Just a couple of examples there to encourage you to come up with your own ideas. Obviously, you will know which plants perform well for you and these should be your first choice but try those you never thought of...they may well surprise you. The other side of course to planting a SGT is that you may very well be rewarded with a brand new hybrid.

TROUGHS FROM A SEEDLIST COLLECTION

Every year, we alpiners study the seedlists and hope that we can obtain that which we have sought for many years, or perhaps that which is relatively new to cultivation or even that which we have grown in the past but sadly lost.
This next time, why not choose plants that are amenable to trough cultivation and sow them directly into a trough. This is not as difficult as it may at first appear. Prepare your trough, complete with landscaping, including crevices etc. and fill it with a compost similar to what you would normally use for your seed sowing. Ensure that the compost has settled well and then just sprinkle on the seed. You will be surprised how well this works. In fact, I have had success with this method where previously, all attempts at germination of certain species had failed. Try it with say, 10% of the seeds you receive and I am sure that you will be pleased with the results.

SUGGESTED PLANTING SCHEMES......THE GRAPHICS

The following trough schematics have been prepared by Duncan and will give you a base upon which to design and plan your own arrangements.

Trough One

1. Juniperus communis compressa
2. Dianthus 'Pikes Pink'
3. Saxifraga x elisabethae 'Primrose Dame'
4. Androsace sempervivoides
5. Saxifraga 'Silver Cushion'
6. Sempervivum 'Black Prince'
7.Phlox subulata 'Temiscaming'
8. Anemone blanda

Trough Two

1.Juniperus communis compressa
2. Gentiana acaulis
3. Sisyrinchium californicum
4. Saxifraga 'Whitehills'
5. Armeria maritima 'Dusseldorfer Stoltz'
6.Saxifraga x elisabethae 'Primrose Dame'
7. Phlox subulata
8. Dianthus 'La Bourbille'
9. Phlox subulata

Trough Three

1. Dianthus 'Pink Jewel'
2. Androsace sarmentosa
3.Sedum spathulifolium
4. Saxifraga x apiculata
5. Erinus alpinus
6. Sempervivum arachnoideum
7.Sedum 'Dudley Field'

Trough Four

1.Saxifraga 'Penelope
2. Asperula gussonnii
3. Draba hispanica
4. Saxifraga hypostoma
5. Saxifraga stolitzkae
6. Saxifraga x hornibrookii 'Ellie Brinkerhof'
7. Saxifraga oppositifolia 'Theoden'
8. Saxifraga 'Love Me'
9. Saxifraga oppositifolia x biflora
10. Saxifraga 'Primrose Bee'

PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THE TROUGH GARDEN

The following list of plants has been suggested by Duncan. Whilst I would not disagree with the validity of their claim to be suitable candidates for a trough garden, what may be "Suitable in Seattle" (sounds like a good name for a film that!), may not respond so readily in San Antonio or Salford. I would advise you therefore to check the hardiness requirements of the plants you would like to grow, with your local nurseryman. He will advise you of their suitability for your environment.
It may well, in time, be possible to list a more comprehensive database of trough plants which is interactive. You know the sort of thing....select a colour, a height, a flowering season etc. and up comes a selection for you to choose from. This is quite an ambitious project but as the site is ever-expanding, who knows what the future will bring. In the meantime you will have to read up in your alpine books for full descriptions of those listed.

ALYSSUM CAESPITOSUM
ANDROSACE CARNEA HYB. "LAVENDER GLOW"
ANDROSACE CARNEA X PYRENAICA
ANDROSACE CARNEA X PYRENAICA "CALLISTO"
ANDROSACE CARNEA X PYRENAICA "JUPITER"
ANDROSACE CARNEA X PYRENAICA "MARS"
ANDROSACE CARNEA X PYRENAICA "MILLSTREAM"
ANDROSACE CARNEA X PYRENAICA "VENUS"
ANDROSACE CYLINDRICA
ANDROSACE CYLINDRICA X HIRTELLA
ANDROSACE CYLINDRICA X PYRENAICA
ANDROSACE HEDRAEANTHA
ANDROSACE HIRTELLA
ANDROSACE CHAMAEJASME V. LEHMANNIANA
ANDROSACE MUCRONIFOLIA
ANDROSACE PUBESCENS
ANDROSACE PYRENAICA
ANDROSACE SEMPERVIVOIDES "GREYSTONE"
ANDROSACE STRIGILLOSA
ANDROSACE VANDELLII
ANDROSACE VILLOSA
ANEMONE DRUMMONDII
ANEMONE xLESSERI
AQUILEGIA JONESII
AQUILEGIA SCOPULORUM
ARABIS MICROPHYLLA
ARENARIA TETRAQUETRA GRANATENSIS
ARTEMISIA CAUCASICA SSP CAUCASICA
ARTEMISIA GLACIALIS
ASPERULA GUSSONII
ASTER STRACHEYI
ASTILBE GLABERRIMA "SAXATILIS"

BESSEYA ALPINA
BOLAX GLEBARIA NANA

CALANDRINIA CAESPITOSA
CALANDRINIA SERICEA [MONTIOPSIS SERICEA]
CAMPANULA ALPESTRIS
C.ALLIONII
CAMPANULA ALPINA
CAMPANULA "BUMBLEBEE" {C.PIPERI "MT. TAHOMA" X C.LASSIOCARPA}
CAMPANULA CARPATICA "GRAHAM GIANT"
CAMPANULA CHAMISSONIS
CAMPANULA CHAMISSONIS "OYOBENII"
CAMPANULA CHORUHENSIS
CAMPANULA COCHLEARIFOLIA "ELIZABETH OLIVER"
CAMPANULA x HAYLODGENSIS {C.CARPATICA X C.COCHLEARIFOLIA}
CAMPANULA HAKKIARICA
CAMPANULA HERCEGOVINA "NANA"
CAMPANULA "LYNCHMERE" {C.ELATINES X C.ROTUNDIFOLIA}
CAMPANULA "MAI BLYTH"
CAMPANULA PERSICIFOLIA V. PLANIFLORA {C.NITIDA}
CAMPANULA PERSICIFOLIA V. PLANIFLORA "ALBA"
CAMPANULA PIPERI ALBA "TOWNSEND RIDGE"
CAMPANULA PIPERI "MARMOT PASS"
CAMPANULA PIPERI "MT. TAHOMA"
CAMPANULA PIPERI "TOWNSEND VIOLET"
CAMPANULA PULLA
CAMPANULA x PULLOIDES {C.CARPATICA X C.PULLA}
CAMPANULA PSEUDO-RAINERI
CAMPANULA RAINERI
CAMPANULA ROTUNDIFOLIA SSP. ARCTICA "MT.JOTUNHEIMEN"
CAMPANULA SAXIFRAGA
CAMPANULA SCABRELLA
CAMPANULA SCABRELLA "IRONSTONE"
CAMPANULA SHETLERI
CAMPANULA TOMMASINIANA
CAMPANULA TRIDENTATA
CAMPANULA "WARLEY WHITE"
CHAENORHINUM GLAREOSUM
CLAYTONIA MEGARHIZA V. NIVALIS
CLEMATIS MARMORARIA

DELOSPERMA ASHTONII
DELOSPERMA CONGESTUM
DELOSPERMA SP. AFF. DELEEUWIAE
DELOSPERMA SPECIES- WHITE
DOUGLASIA IDAHOENSIS
DOUGLASIA LAEVIGATA v. LAEVIGATA
DOUGLASIA LAEVIGATA V. LAEVIGATA "PACKWOOD"
DOUGLASIA LAEVIGATA V. CILIOLATA
DOUGLASIA MONTANA
DOUGLASIA NIVALIS
DRABA ACAULIS
DRABA DEDEANA
DRABA OREIBATA
DRACOCEPHALUM AFF: DISCOLOR [JJH]
DRACOCEPHALUM AFF PAULSENII
DUDLEYA CYMOSA SSP. PUMILA

EDRAIANTHUS GRAMINIFOLIUS
EDRAIANTHUS GRAMINIFOLIUS SSP. NIVEUS ["ALBUS"]
EDRAIANTHUS PUMILIO
ERIGERON AUREUS
ERIGERON CHRYSOPSIDIS "GRAND RIDGE"
ERIGERON COMPOSITUS "PINK FORMS"
ERIGERON COMPOSITUS "MT. ADAMS DWARF"
ERIGERON "GOAT ROCKS" {E.AUREUS X E.COMPOSITUS}
ERIGERON LEIOMERUS
ERIGERON OREGANUS
ERIOGONUM KENNEDYI V. ALPIGENUM {NNS-}
ERIOGONUM PANGUICENSE V. ALPESTRE
ERIOGONUM OVALIFOLIUM

GENTIANA ACAULIS
GENTIANA AFFINIS V. OVATA
GENTIANA NEWBERRYI
GENTIANA PARADOXA
GENTIANA VERNA
GENISTA DELPHINENSIS
GYPSOPHILA ARETIOIDES
GYPSOPHILA CERASTIOIDES
GYPSOPHILA LIBANOTICA
GYPSOPHILA NANA

HAPLOPAPPUS LYALLII
HELICHRYSUM PAGOPHILUM
HELICHRYSUM PAGOPHYLLUM
HELICHRYSUM SESSILIOIDES
HEUCHERA ELEGANS
HEUCHERA PULCHELLA
HOSTA "LEMON\LIME"
HOSTA VENUSTA "PORTER"
HUTCHINSIA ALPINA

IRIS PUMILA "ATRO-VIOLACEA"
IRIS SUAVEOLENS V. RUBROMARGINATA
KECKIELLA CORYMBOSA
LEONTOPODIUM OCHROLEUCUM
LEUCANTHEMOPSIS RADICANS
LEWISIA COLUMBIANA V. COLUMBIANA "ALBA"
LEWISIA COLUMBIANA V. RUPICOLA "SADDLE MT. FORM"
LEWISIA COTYLEDON V. HECKNERI
LEWISIA COTYLEDON "REGENBOGEN STRAIN"
LEWISIA "GEORGE HENLEY" [L.COLUMBIANA X L.COTYLEDON]
LEWISIA LONGIPETALA
LEWISIA "NORMA JEAN' [L.COLUMBIANA ALBA X L.COTY.V.HECKNERI]
LEWISIA REDIVIVA
LEWISIA REDIVIVA V. MINOR
LEWISIA TWEEDYI

MINUARTIA SAXIFRAGA SSP. TMOLEA
MORISIA HYPOGAEA
MORISIA MONANTHOS
PARRRYA NUDICAULIS
PENSTEMON CAESPITOSUS "ALBUS"
PENSTEMON DAVIDSONII V. DAVIDSONII "MT. ADAMS DWARF"
PENSTEMON "DRAGONSTAIL"
PENSTEMON PROCERUS SSP. TOLMIEI
PENSTEMON PROCERUS SSP. TOLMIEI "HAWKEYE"
PENSTEMON RUPICOLA "MYRTLE HEBERT"
PHLOX DIFFUSA
PHLOX DIFFUSA "ALBA"
PHLOX DOUGLASII "APPLEBLOSSOM"
PHLOX HENDERSONII
PHLOX KELSEYI
PHLOX "SILENEFLORA"
PHYSOPLEXIS COMOSA
POTENTILLA UNIFLORA
PRATIA PEDUNCULATA "COUNTRY PARK"
PRIMULA "AIREMIST"
PRIMULA ALLIONII "CLAUDE FLIGHT"
PRIMULA ALLIONII "EDINBURGH" [ELLIOT`S FORM ]
PRIMULA ALLIONII HARTSIDE X APPLEBLOSSOM
PRIMULA ALLIONII "JCA
PRIMULA ALLIONII "KEN`S SEEDLING"
PRIMULA ALLIONII "MARION"
PRIMULA ALLIONII "MARJORIE WOOSTER"
PRIMULA ALLIONII "PINK ICE"
PRIMULA ALLIONII "SNOWFLAKE"
PRIMULA ALLIONII "WILLIAM EARLE"
PRIMULA ALLIONII x "LINDA POPE ALBA"
PRIMULA X BERNINAE "WINDRUSH"
PRIMULA x BILECKII
P."BLAIRSIDE YELLOW
PRIMULA "CLARENCE ELLIOT"
PRIMULA X-DESCHMANNII
PRIMULA "ETHEL BARKER"
P.HIRSUTA
PRIMULA "HEMSWELL BLUSH"
PRIMULA MARGINATA "KESSELRING`S VARIETY"
PRIMULA MARGINATA "PRITCHARD`S VARIETY"
PRIMULA "MARS"
PRIMULA MINIMA
PRIMULA "PEARDROP" (P.ALLIONII X OLD RED DUSTY MILLER X ALLIONII)
PRIMULA "PINK ICE" [P.ALLIONII X P."HARLOW CARR"]
PRIMULA X-PUBESCENS "BOOTHMANS VARIETY"
PRIMULA X-PUBESCENS "CREAM VISCOSA"
PRIMULA X-PUBESCENS "KATH DRYDEN"
PRIMULA X-PUBESCENS "PAT BARWICK"
PRIMULA "WHARFDALE LING"
PULSATILLA PRATENSIS SSP. BOHEMICA
PULSATILLA VERNALIS
RANUNCULUS ALPESTRIS
RANUNCULUS CRENATUS
RANUNCULUS FICARIA "BRAZEN HUSSY"
RHINEPHYLLUM BROOMII
RUSCHIA PUTTERILLII
SAGINA BOYDII
SAPONARIA "BRESSINGHAM HYBRID"
SAPONARIA x OLIVANA

SAXIFRAGA COCHLEARIS "MINOR"
SAXIFRAGA X ZIMMETERI [S.AIZOON X S.CUNEIFOLIA]
SAXIFRAGA "ALBERT`S DARK YELLOW"
SAXIFRAGA X ANGLICA "
BEATRIX STANLEY"
SAXIFRAGA X ARCO-VALLEYI "HOCKER`S EDGE"
SAXIFRAGA X BORISII "MARIANNA"
SAXIFRAGA X BORISII "MONA LISA"
SAXIFRAGA X BOYDII "ARETIASTRUM"
SAXIFRAGA X BOYDII "CHERRY TREES"
SAXIFRAGA X BOYDII "FALDONSIDE"
SAXIFRAGA X BOYDII"HINDHEAD SEEDLING"
SAXIFRAGA X BURSERANA "PRINCESS"
SAXIFRAGA X BURSICULATA "KING LEAR"
SAXIFRAGA X ELISABETHAE "BOSTON SPA"
SAXIFRAGA X ELISABETHAE "PRIMROSE DAME"
SAXIFRAGA GRISEBACHII
SAXIFRAGA X IRVINGII "JENKENSIAE"
SAXIFRAGA X IRVINGII "WALTER IRVING"
SAXIFRAGA JUNIPERIFOLIA
SAXIFRAGA "KATH DRYDEN"
SAXIFRAGA X KELLERERI "JOHANN KELLERER"
SAXIFRAGA X KELLERERI "SUNDERMANNII MAJOR"
SAXIFRAGA X KEWENSIS
SAXIFRAGA KOTSCHYI
SAXIFRAGA X MALBYANA "PRIMULINA"
SAXIFRAGA OPPOSITIFOLIA "FLORISA"
SAXIFRAGA "PERLE ROSE"
SAXIFRAGA "ROSEMARIE"
SAXIFRAGA X ROSINAE " ROSINA SUNDERMANN"
SAXIFRAGA X SALMONICA "MARIE LOUISA"
SAXIFRAGA X SALMONICA "MELROSE"
SAXIFRAGA X SALMONICA "SALOMONII"
SAXIFRAGA SEMPERVIVUM
SAXIFRAGA X WEBRII "PYGMALION
SAXIFRAGA PENTADACTYLIS

SCUTELLARIA ALPINA
SCUTELLARIA PROSTRATA
SEDUM PILOSUM
SHORTIA GALACIFOLIA
SILENE ACAULIS "FRANCES"
SILENE ACAULIS "WHITE RABBIT"
SILENE ARGAEA
SILENE PETERSONII
SOLIDAGO SPATHULATA F. NANA
SPRAGUEA UMBELLATA
TALINUM OKANOGANENSE
TALINUM SPINESCENS
TIARELLA "TIGER STRIPE"
TOWNSENDIA ALPINGENA (T.MONTANA)
TOWNSENDIA EXSCAPA
TOWNSENDIA JONESII
TOWNSENDIA SPATHULATA
VALERIANA SUPINA
VIOLA ADUNCA

ORNAMENTAL GRASSES
CAREX FIRMA VARIEGATA
FESTUCA OVINA V. GLAUCA "MINOR"

DWARF, COMPACT OR SLOW GROWING SHRUBS
DAPHNE ARBUSCULA
DAPHNE KOSANINII
KALMIOPSIS FRAGRANS " LePINIEC FORM" [K.LEACHIANA]
POTENTILLA FRUITICOSA "CASCADE CUSHION"
RHODODENDRON CALOSTROTUM SSP. KELETICUM
RHODODENDRON CALOSTROTUM SSP. RADICANS "ROCK FORM"
RHODODENDRON KEISKEI "YAKU FAIRY"
RHODODENDRON SALUENENSE SSP.CHAMEUNUM V. PROSTRATUM
RHODODENDRON "WREN"
SALIX REPENS
SALIX RETICULATA
VACCINIUM MACROCARPON "HAMILTON"

Having, we hope, persuaded you to experiment with various themes, we think that it's time to get those seed and plant catalogues out, or jump in the car and head off to your nearest nursery and check out the trough plants available. To assist you in your choice, other articles and listings along this theme can be found on each of our sites at the following addresses.

The Trough Garden
Troughs